Lerner Index

Measuring market power through price-cost margins — A key metric in antitrust economics

Market Power Indicator Competitive
0.00
Lerner Index (L)
0 (Perfect Competition) 1 (Pure Monopoly)

Highly Competitive Market

With a Lerner Index near zero, this market exhibits strong competition. Price is close to marginal cost, indicating minimal market power. Mergers in such markets may not raise antitrust concerns unless they dramatically increase concentration.

Price & Cost Inputs
Market Price (P) $100
Marginal Cost (MC) $80
L = (P - MC) / P
$20
Price - MC
÷
 
$100
Price
=
 
0.20
Lerner Index

Elasticity Relationship

L = 1 / |ε|

For a profit-maximizing firm, the Lerner Index equals the inverse of the absolute value of demand elasticity. This means firms with more inelastic demand can charge higher markups—a key insight for market definition.

Implied Elasticity: |ε| = 5.00

Market Structure Benchmarks
🏪
Perfect Competition
L ≈ 0
Many firms, homogeneous products, price = MC
🏢
Monopolistic Competition
L = 0.1-0.3
Many firms, differentiated products, some pricing power
🏭
Oligopoly
L = 0.3-0.6
Few firms, strategic interdependence, significant markups
🏰
Monopoly
L = 0.5-0.9
Single firm, maximum market power, highest markup